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Hebrew latinization guide: Difference between revisions
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== Summary ==
Non-alphabet spellings listed in ''italics.''
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Unmarked spellings
! rowspan="2" |Hebrew spelling
<small>Name</small>
! colspan="2" |Latinization
! rowspan="2" |Sound (IPA)
Line 13 ⟶ 12:
!other
|-
!<big>א</big> <small>
|''none''
|'
|/ʔ/~''none''
|gives vowel before grave accent (`). often silent
|-
!<big>
|b, v
|b, bh, w
|/b/, /v/
|usually /b/ <nowiki><b> word-initally</nowiki>
|-
!<big>ג</big> <small>
|g
|gh
|/g/
|used for foreign /ɣ/
|-
!
|j
|ǧ
|/d͡ʒ/
|
|-
!<big>ד</big> <small>
|d
|dh, dd
|/d/
|used for foreign /ð/ and /dˀ/
|-
!<big>ה</big> <small>
|h, ''none'' (word-final)
|
|/h/~''none'', ''none''
|
|-
!<big>ו</big> <small>
|w
|u, v
|/v/
|
|-
!
|yw
|v, w, yv
Line 73 ⟶ 60:
|
|-
!
|z
|
|/z/
|
|-
!
|ž/zh
|
|/ʒ/
|
|-
!<big>ח</big> <small>
|ḥ/hh
|ch, kh, h, ḥ
|/ħ/~/χ/
|often /χ/~/x/
|-
!<big>ט</big> <small>
|ṭ/t
|
|/t/
|used for foreign /t/ and /tˀ/
|-
!<big>י</big> <small>
|y
|i, j
|/j/
|also used for foreign /zˀ/~/ðˀ/
|-
!<big>כ -ך</big> <small>
|k, kh
|
|/k/, /χ/
|usually /k/ <k> word-initally
used for foreign /x/ and /kʰ/
|-
!<big>ל</big> <small>
|l
|
Line 121 ⟶ 103:
|
|-
!<big>מם</big> <small>
|m
|
Line 127 ⟶ 109:
|
|-
!<big>נן</big> <small>
|n
|
Line 133 ⟶ 115:
|
|-
!<big>ס</big> <small>
|s
|
|/s/
|transcribes foreign /sˀ/
|-
!<big>ע</big> <small>
|x
|', 3, gh, j
|/ʕ/~/ʔ/
|often /ʔ/ or silent. can transcribe foreign /ɣ/
|-
!<big>פּ -ףּ</big> <small>
|p, f
|ph, pp
|/p/, /f/
|usually /p/ <nowiki><p> word-initially</nowiki>
|-
!<big>
|ç/tz
|c, s, ṣ, ts, z/ ẓ
|/t͡s/
|used for foreign /sˀ/
|-
!<big>צ׳ -ץ׳</big> <small>
|c
|č, ch, tš
|/t͡ʃ/
|used for foreign /dˀ/
|-
!<big>ק</big> <small>
|ḳ/k
|q
|/k/
|used for foreign /k/
|-
!<big>ר</big> <small>
|r
|
|/ʁ/~/ɣ/, /r/
|/r/ is possible but substandard
|-
!<big>ש</big> <small>
|š/ sh
|
|/ʃ/, /s/
|usually /ʃ/ <š/ sh>, but some words have /s/ <ś/ s>
|-
!<big>
|t
|th, tt
|/t/
|used for foreign /θ/
|}
The following letters/ marks are not guaranteed to appear in text but are often used in precise writing. None of them can be written alone. The alef (א) written here is used for example with marks that don't require any specific letter.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Marked spellings
! rowspan="2" |Hebrew spelling <small>(name)</small>
Line 216 ⟶ 180:
!other
|-
!<big>אְ</big> <small>
|''none''
|''none''
Line 222 ⟶ 186:
|
|-
!<big>אְ</big> <small>
|e
|ė, ë, ə
Line 228 ⟶ 192:
|
|-
!<big>אַ</big> <small>
|a
|
Line 234 ⟶ 198:
|
|-
!<big>אֲ</big> <small>
|a
|ǎ
Line 240 ⟶ 204:
|
|-
!<big>אׇ</big>
<small>Kamatz Gadol</small>
|á, a
|â
|/a/
|
|-
!<big>אׇ</big>
<small>Kamatz Katan</small>
|o
|ǒ
|/o/
|sometimes substandardly
|-
!<big>אֳ</big> <small>
|o
|a
|/o/
|sometimes substandardly
|-
!<big>אֶ</big>
<small>Segól</small>
|e
|
Line 264 ⟶ 231:
|
|-
!<big>אֱ</big> <small>
|e
|ě
Line 270 ⟶ 237:
|
|-
!<big>אֵ</big> <small>
|é, e
|ē, ê, ei, ey
|/e/
|
|-
!<big>
|é, e
|ē, ê, ei, ey
|/e/
|
|-
!<big>אִ</big> <small>Hhirik</small>
|i
|ǐ
Line 282 ⟶ 255:
|
|-
!<big>
|í, i
|
|/i/
|
|-
!<big>אֹ</big> <small>Hholám</small>
|ó, o
|ō, ô, ou, ow
|/o/
|
|-
!<big>אֻ</big>
<small>Kubútz</small>
|u
|i, y
|/u/
|also called shurek or shuruk
|-
!<big>אּ</big> <small>
|''(´) on following vowel''
|''(doubles consonant)''
|''none''
|marks stress in the following syllable
also changes sound of the letters <ב ג ד ה ו כך פף ת>
|-
!<big>בּ</big> <small>
|b
| -bb-
Line 307 ⟶ 287:
|
|-
!<big>גּ</big> <small>
|g
| -gg-
Line 313 ⟶ 293:
|
|-
!<big>דּ</big> <small>
|d
| -dd-
Line 319 ⟶ 299:
|
|-
!<big>הּ</big> <small>
|h
| -hh, ''none''
|/h/~''none''
|also substandardly silent
|-
!<big>וּ</big> <small>
|ú, u
|oo, ou
|/u/
|also called melòpum
|-
!<big>כּ -ךּ</big> <small>
|k
| -cc-, -ck-, -kk-
Line 337 ⟶ 317:
|
|-
!<big>פּ -ףּ</big> <small>
|p
| -pp-
Line 343 ⟶ 323:
|
|-
!<big>תּ</big> <small>
|t
| -tt-
Line 349 ⟶ 329:
|
|-
!<big>
|ó, o
|ō, ô, ou, ow
|/o/
|
|-
!<big>שׁ</big> <small>''Shin Nekuda''</small>
|š/ sh
|
|/ʃ/
|
|-
!<big>שׂ</big> <small>
|ś/ s
|ç
|/s/
|
|-
!׳
<small>Geresh, Cupcik</small>
|changes letter sounds
|
|n/a
|
|-
!״
<small>Gershayím</small>
|marks an acronym
|
|n/a
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Irregular spellings
!Hebrew spelling
!Meaning
!Wiki latinization
!Irregularity
!Sound (IPA)
!Notes
|-
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== Sources ==
[[Category:
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