Japanese latinization guide: Difference between revisions
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== Summary ==
A table below is shown for full detail. The letters are in Japanese order by default; with clusters following at the end of a group.
{| class="wikitable
|+Kana table
!Japanese spelling
! colspan="2" |Latinization
Line 26 ⟶ 17:
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!hiragana/ katakana <small>name</small>
!Wiki
!other
|-▼
! colspan="5" |In-use letters/ clusters
|-
!あ/ ア
|'''a'''
|
|a
Line 37 ⟶ 30:
|-
!ああ/ アア
|'''aa'''
|a, ā, â, ah
|a:
Line 43 ⟶ 36:
|-
!い/ イ
|'''i'''
|yi
|i
Line 49 ⟶ 42:
|-
!いい/ イイ
|'''ii'''
|ī, î, ih
|i:
Line 55 ⟶ 48:
|-
!う/ ウ
|'''u'''
|wu
|ɯ
Line 61 ⟶ 54:
|-
!うう/ ウウ
|'''uu'''
|u, ū
|ɯ:
Line 67 ⟶ 60:
|-
!え/ エ
|'''e'''
|ye
|e
Line 73 ⟶ 66:
|-
!えい/ エイ
|'''ee'''
|e, ē, ê, ee, eh, ei, ey
|e:
|
|-
!ええ/ エエ
|'''ee'''
|e, ē, ê, ee, eh, ei, ey
|e:
|
|-
!お/ オ
|'''o'''
|wo
|o
Line 91 ⟶ 84:
|-
!おう/ オウ
|'''oo'''
|o, ō, ô, oh, oo, ou, ow
|o:
|
|-
!おお/ オオ
|'''oo'''
|o, ō, ô, oh, oo, ou, ow
|o:
|
|-
!か/ カ
|'''ka'''
|
|ka
Line 109 ⟶ 102:
|-
!き/ キ
|'''ki'''
|
|kʲi
Line 115 ⟶ 108:
|-
!く/ ク
|'''ku'''
|
|kɯ
Line 121 ⟶ 114:
|-
!け/ ケ
|'''ke'''
|
|ke
Line 127 ⟶ 120:
|-
!こ/ コ
|'''ko'''
|
|ko
Line 133 ⟶ 126:
|-
!きゃ/ キャ
|'''kya'''
|
|kʲa
Line 139 ⟶ 132:
|-
!きゅ/ キュ
|'''kyu'''
|
|kʲɯ
Line 145 ⟶ 138:
|-
!きょ/ キョ
|'''kyo'''
|
|kʲo
Line 151 ⟶ 144:
|-
!が/ ガ
|'''ga'''
|
|ga
Line 157 ⟶ 150:
|-
!ぎ/ ギ
|'''gi'''
|
|gʲi
Line 163 ⟶ 156:
|-
!ぐ/ グ
|'''gu'''
|
|gɯ
Line 169 ⟶ 162:
|-
!げ/ ゲ
|'''ge'''
|
|ge
Line 175 ⟶ 168:
|-
!ご/ ゴ
|'''go'''
|
|go
Line 181 ⟶ 174:
|-
!ぎゃ/ ギャ
|'''gya'''
|
|gʲa
Line 187 ⟶ 180:
|-
!ぎゅ/ ギュ
|'''gyu'''
|
|gʲɯ
Line 193 ⟶ 186:
|-
!ぎょ/ ギョ
|'''gyo'''
|
|gʲo
Line 199 ⟶ 192:
|-
!さ/ サ
|'''sa'''
|
|sa
Line 205 ⟶ 198:
|-
!し/ シ
|'''shi'''
|
|ɕi
Line 211 ⟶ 204:
|-
!す/ ス
|'''su'''
|
|sɯ
Line 217 ⟶ 210:
|-
!せ/ セ
|'''se'''
|
|se
Line 223 ⟶ 216:
|-
!そ/ ソ
|'''so'''
|
|so
Line 229 ⟶ 222:
|-
!しゃ/ シャ
|'''sha'''
|sya
|ɕa
Line 235 ⟶ 228:
|-
!しゅ/ シュ
|'''shu'''
|syu
|ɕɯ
Line 241 ⟶ 234:
|-
!しょ/ ショ
|'''sho'''
|syo
|ɕo
Line 247 ⟶ 240:
|-
!ざ/ ザ
|'''za'''
|
|(d)za
Line 253 ⟶ 246:
|-
!じ/ ジ
|'''ji'''
|zhi, zi
|(d)ʑi
Line 259 ⟶ 252:
|-
!ず/ ズ
|'''zu'''
|
|(d)zɯ
Line 265 ⟶ 258:
|-
!ぜ/ ゼ
|'''ze'''
|
|(d)ze
Line 271 ⟶ 264:
|-
!ぞ/ ゾ
|'''zo'''
|
|(d)zo
Line 277 ⟶ 270:
|-
!じゃ/ ジャ
|'''ja'''
|jya, zha, zya
|(d)ʑa
Line 283 ⟶ 276:
|-
!じゃ/ ジュ
|'''ju'''
|jyu, zhu, zyu
|(d)ʑɯ
Line 289 ⟶ 282:
|-
!じょ/ ジョ
|'''jo'''
|jyo, zho, zyo
|(d)ʑo
Line 295 ⟶ 288:
|-
!た/ タ
|'''ta'''
|
|ta
Line 301 ⟶ 294:
|-
!ち/ チ
|'''chi'''
|ci, ti
|tɕi
Line 307 ⟶ 300:
|-
!つ/ ツ
|'''tsu'''
|tu
|tsɯ
Line 313 ⟶ 306:
|-
!て/ テ
|'''te'''
|
|te
Line 319 ⟶ 312:
|-
!と/ ト
|'''to'''
|
|to
Line 325 ⟶ 318:
|-
!ちゃ/ チャ
|'''cha'''
|ca, cya, tya
|tɕa
Line 331 ⟶ 324:
|-
!ちゅ/ チュ
|'''chu'''
|cu, cyu, tyu
|tɕɯ
Line 337 ⟶ 330:
|-
!ちょ/ チョ
|'''cho'''
|co, cyo, tyo
|tɕo
Line 343 ⟶ 336:
|-
!だ/ ダ
|'''da'''
|
|da
|
|-
!ぢ/
|'''dji'''
|di, ji
|(d)ʑi
Line 355 ⟶ 348:
|-
!づ/ ヅ
|'''dzu'''
|du, zu
|(d)zɯ
Line 361 ⟶ 354:
|-
!で/ デ
|'''de'''
|
|de
Line 367 ⟶ 360:
|-
!ど/ ド
|'''do'''
|
|do
Line 373 ⟶ 366:
|-
!ぢゃ/ ヂャ
|'''dja'''
|dya, ja, jya
|(d)ʑa
Line 379 ⟶ 372:
|-
!ぢゅ/ ヂュ
|'''dju'''
|dyu, ju, jyu
|(d)ʑɯ
Line 385 ⟶ 378:
|-
!ぢょ/ ヂョ
|'''djo'''
|dyo, jo, jyo
|(d)ʑo
Line 391 ⟶ 384:
|-
!な/ ナ
|'''na'''
|
|na
Line 397 ⟶ 390:
|-
!に/ ニ
|'''ni'''
|
|nʲi
Line 403 ⟶ 396:
|-
!ぬ/ ヌ
|'''nu'''
|
|nɯ
Line 409 ⟶ 402:
|-
!ね/ ネ
|'''ne'''
|
|ne
Line 415 ⟶ 408:
|-
!の/ ノ
|'''no'''
|
|no
Line 421 ⟶ 414:
|-
!にゃ/ ニャ
|'''nya'''
|
|nʲa
Line 427 ⟶ 420:
|-
!にゅ/ ニュ
|'''nyu'''
|
|nʲɯ
Line 433 ⟶ 426:
|-
!にょ/ ニョ
|'''nyo'''
|
|nʲo
Line 439 ⟶ 432:
|-
!は/ ハ
|'''ha, (wa)'''
|fa
|ha, ɰa
Line 445 ⟶ 438:
|-
!ひ/ ヒ
|'''hi'''
|fi
|çi
Line 451 ⟶ 444:
|-
!ふ/ フ
|'''fu'''
|hu
|ɸɯ
Line 457 ⟶ 450:
|-
!へ/ へ
|'''he, (e)'''
|fe
|he, e
Line 463 ⟶ 456:
|-
!ほ/ ホ
|'''ho'''
|fo
|ho
Line 469 ⟶ 462:
|-
!ひゃ/ ヒャ
|'''hya'''
|fya
|ça
Line 475 ⟶ 468:
|-
!ひゅ/ ヒュ
|'''hyu'''
|fyu
|çɯ
Line 481 ⟶ 474:
|-
!ひょ/ ヒョ
|'''hyo'''
|fyo
|ço
Line 487 ⟶ 480:
|-
!ば/ バ
|'''ba'''
|
|ba
Line 493 ⟶ 486:
|-
!び/ ビ
|'''bi'''
|
|bʲi
Line 499 ⟶ 492:
|-
!ぶ/ ブ
|'''bu'''
|
|bɯ
Line 505 ⟶ 498:
|-
!ベ/ ベ
|'''be'''
|
|be
Line 511 ⟶ 504:
|-
!ぼ/ ボ
|'''bo'''
|
|bo
Line 517 ⟶ 510:
|-
!びゃ/ ビャ
|'''bya'''
|
|bʲa
Line 523 ⟶ 516:
|-
!びゅ/ ビュ
|'''byu'''
|
|bʲɯ
Line 529 ⟶ 522:
|-
!びょ/ ビョ
|'''byo'''
|
|bʲo
Line 535 ⟶ 528:
|-
!ぱ/ パ
|'''pa'''
|
|pa
Line 541 ⟶ 534:
|-
!ぴ/ ピ
|'''pi'''
|
|pʲi
Line 547 ⟶ 540:
|-
!ぷ/ プ
|'''pu'''
|
|pɯ
Line 553 ⟶ 546:
|-
!ぺ/ ぺ
|'''pe'''
|
|pe
Line 559 ⟶ 552:
|-
!ぽ/ ポ
|'''po'''
|
|po
Line 565 ⟶ 558:
|-
!ぴゃ/ ピャ
|'''pya'''
|
|pʲa
Line 571 ⟶ 564:
|-
!ぴゅ/ ピュ
|'''pyu'''
|
|pʲɯ
Line 577 ⟶ 570:
|-
!ぴょ/ ピョ
|'''pyo'''
|
|pʲo
Line 583 ⟶ 576:
|-
!ま/ マ
|'''ma'''
|
|ma
Line 589 ⟶ 582:
|-
!み/ ミ
|'''mi'''
|
|mʲi
Line 595 ⟶ 588:
|-
!む/ ム
|'''mu'''
|
|mɯ
Line 601 ⟶ 594:
|-
!め/ メ
|'''me'''
|
|me
Line 607 ⟶ 600:
|-
!も/ モ
|'''mo'''
|
|mo
Line 613 ⟶ 606:
|-
!みゃ/ ミャ
|'''mya'''
|
|mʲa
Line 619 ⟶ 612:
|-
!みゅ/ ミュ
|'''myu'''
|
|mʲɯ
Line 625 ⟶ 618:
|-
!みょ/ ミョ
|'''myo'''
|
|mʲo
Line 631 ⟶ 624:
|-
!や/ ヤ
|'''ya'''
|
|ja
Line 637 ⟶ 630:
|-
!ゆ/ ユ
|'''yu'''
|
|jɯ
Line 643 ⟶ 636:
|-
!よ/ ヨ
|'''yo'''
|
|jo
Line 649 ⟶ 642:
|-
!ら/ ラ
|'''ra'''
|la
|(d)ɾa
|
|-
!り/ リ
|'''ri'''
|li
|(d)ɾʲi
|
|-
!る/ ル
|'''ru'''
|lu
|(d)ɾɯ
|
|-
!れ/ レ
|'''re'''
|le
|(d)ɾe
|
|-
!ろ/ ロ
|'''ro'''
|lo
|(d)ɾo
|
|-
!りゃ/ リャ
|'''rya'''
|lya
|(d)ɾʲa
|
|-
!りゅ/ リュ
|'''ryu'''
|lyu
|(d)ɾʲɯ
|
|-
!りょ/ リョ
|'''ryo'''
|lyo
|(d)ɾʲo
|
|-
!わ/ ワ
|'''wa'''
|
|ɰa
|
▲|-
!ん/ ン▼
|n▼
|m▼
|only used syllable-finally ▼
|-▼
!<small>つ/ ツ</small>▼
|-
!を/ ヲ
|'''wo'''
|o
|(ɰ)o
|only used in the accusative particle
▲!ん/ ン
|'''n'''
▲|m
|ɴ~m~n~ŋ~iⁿ~ɯⁿ
▲|only used syllable-finally
▲|-
! colspan="5" |Obsolete/ rare letters
|-
!ゐ/ ヰ
|'''wi'''
|i
|i
|
|-
!ゑ/ ヱ
|'''we'''
|e, he, ye
|e
|
|-
!'''ゟ <small>conjoined yori</small>'''
|'''yori'''
|
|jorʲi
|
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Marks/ punctuation
!Japanese spelling
! rowspan="2" |Use
!Latinization
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!hiragana/ katakana <small>name</small>
!Wiki
|
!゛<small>dakuten</small>
|voices consonant sound
|''varies, see above''
|also called '''dots (tenten)'''
|-
!゜<small>handakuten</small>
|changes consonant sound
|''varies, see above''
|also called '''circle (maru)'''
|-
!ー <small>choo'onpu</small>
|lengthens vowel ''before''
|''vowel doubled, or macron (¯) on vowel''
|
|-
!々 <small>kanji repeating mark</small>
|repeats kanji symbol ''before''
|''none''
|
|-
!ゝ/ヽ<small>kana repeating mark</small>
|repeats kana letter ''before''
|''none''
|
|-
▲!<small>つ/ ツ sokuon</small>
|lengthens consonant ''after''
|''(first written) consonant doubled''
|also called '''small tsu'''
|}
== Sources ==
[[Category:Latinization guides]]
| |||
Revision as of 14:26, 11 July 2023
This article describes official wiki policy for latinizing Japanese words and names, as well as Japanese titles using renderings of non-Japanese words and names.
General notes
In general, try to latinize Japanese words and names using the system as much as possible; but be sure to write Japanese names of media works, people, characters, and the like on their respective pages. If a latinization occurs right next to a Japanese spelling, write the latinization in italics.
If an individual person or thing has a particular way of spelling their name in the latin alphabet, follow that rather than a standard latinization.
Japanese itself uses three writing systems: kanji (symbols that represent words or concepts), hiragana (letters representing syllables in native Japanese words) and katakana (letters representing syllables in foreign words, foreign names, slang, onomatopeia, in emphasis, and in names of animals); none of the three are to be distinguished in latinization. All kanji have hiragana transcriptions to describe the respective kanji's sound, and are used to form the basis of latinization here.
Summary
A table below is shown for full detail. The letters are in Japanese order by default; with clusters following at the end of a group.
| Japanese spelling | Latinization | Sound (IPA) | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hiragana/ katakana name | Wiki | other | ||
| In-use letters/ clusters | ||||
| あ/ ア | a | a | ||
| ああ/ アア | aa | a, ā, â, ah | a: | |
| い/ イ | i | yi | i | |
| いい/ イイ | ii | ī, î, ih | i: | |
| う/ ウ | u | wu | ɯ | |
| うう/ ウウ | uu | u, ū | ɯ: | |
| え/ エ | e | ye | e | |
| えい/ エイ | ee | e, ē, ê, ee, eh, ei, ey | e: | |
| ええ/ エエ | ee | e, ē, ê, ee, eh, ei, ey | e: | |
| お/ オ | o | wo | o | |
| おう/ オウ | oo | o, ō, ô, oh, oo, ou, ow | o: | |
| おお/ オオ | oo | o, ō, ô, oh, oo, ou, ow | o: | |
| か/ カ | ka | ka | ||
| き/ キ | ki | kʲi | ||
| く/ ク | ku | kɯ | ||
| け/ ケ | ke | ke | ||
| こ/ コ | ko | ko | ||
| きゃ/ キャ | kya | kʲa | ||
| きゅ/ キュ | kyu | kʲɯ | ||
| きょ/ キョ | kyo | kʲo | ||
| が/ ガ | ga | ga | ||
| ぎ/ ギ | gi | gʲi | ||
| ぐ/ グ | gu | gɯ | ||
| げ/ ゲ | ge | ge | ||
| ご/ ゴ | go | go | ||
| ぎゃ/ ギャ | gya | gʲa | ||
| ぎゅ/ ギュ | gyu | gʲɯ | ||
| ぎょ/ ギョ | gyo | gʲo | ||
| さ/ サ | sa | sa | ||
| し/ シ | shi | ɕi | ||
| す/ ス | su | sɯ | ||
| せ/ セ | se | se | ||
| そ/ ソ | so | so | ||
| しゃ/ シャ | sha | sya | ɕa | |
| しゅ/ シュ | shu | syu | ɕɯ | |
| しょ/ ショ | sho | syo | ɕo | |
| ざ/ ザ | za | (d)za | ||
| じ/ ジ | ji | zhi, zi | (d)ʑi | |
| ず/ ズ | zu | (d)zɯ | ||
| ぜ/ ゼ | ze | (d)ze | ||
| ぞ/ ゾ | zo | (d)zo | ||
| じゃ/ ジャ | ja | jya, zha, zya | (d)ʑa | |
| じゃ/ ジュ | ju | jyu, zhu, zyu | (d)ʑɯ | |
| じょ/ ジョ | jo | jyo, zho, zyo | (d)ʑo | |
| た/ タ | ta | ta | ||
| ち/ チ | chi | ci, ti | tɕi | |
| つ/ ツ | tsu | tu | tsɯ | |
| て/ テ | te | te | ||
| と/ ト | to | to | ||
| ちゃ/ チャ | cha | ca, cya, tya | tɕa | |
| ちゅ/ チュ | chu | cu, cyu, tyu | tɕɯ | |
| ちょ/ チョ | cho | co, cyo, tyo | tɕo | |
| だ/ ダ | da | da | ||
| ぢ/ ヂ | dji | di, ji | (d)ʑi | |
| づ/ ヅ | dzu | du, zu | (d)zɯ | |
| で/ デ | de | de | ||
| ど/ ド | do | do | ||
| ぢゃ/ ヂャ | dja | dya, ja, jya | (d)ʑa | |
| ぢゅ/ ヂュ | dju | dyu, ju, jyu | (d)ʑɯ | |
| ぢょ/ ヂョ | djo | dyo, jo, jyo | (d)ʑo | |
| な/ ナ | na | na | ||
| に/ ニ | ni | nʲi | ||
| ぬ/ ヌ | nu | nɯ | ||
| ね/ ネ | ne | ne | ||
| の/ ノ | no | no | ||
| にゃ/ ニャ | nya | nʲa | ||
| にゅ/ ニュ | nyu | nʲɯ | ||
| にょ/ ニョ | nyo | nʲo | ||
| は/ ハ | ha, (wa) | fa | ha, ɰa | latinized wa as a particle, otherwise ha |
| ひ/ ヒ | hi | fi | çi | |
| ふ/ フ | fu | hu | ɸɯ | |
| へ/ へ | he, (e) | fe | he, e | latinized e as a particle, otherwise he |
| ほ/ ホ | ho | fo | ho | |
| ひゃ/ ヒャ | hya | fya | ça | |
| ひゅ/ ヒュ | hyu | fyu | çɯ | |
| ひょ/ ヒョ | hyo | fyo | ço | |
| ば/ バ | ba | ba | ||
| び/ ビ | bi | bʲi | ||
| ぶ/ ブ | bu | bɯ | ||
| ベ/ ベ | be | be | ||
| ぼ/ ボ | bo | bo | ||
| びゃ/ ビャ | bya | bʲa | ||
| びゅ/ ビュ | byu | bʲɯ | ||
| びょ/ ビョ | byo | bʲo | ||
| ぱ/ パ | pa | pa | ||
| ぴ/ ピ | pi | pʲi | ||
| ぷ/ プ | pu | pɯ | ||
| ぺ/ ぺ | pe | pe | ||
| ぽ/ ポ | po | po | ||
| ぴゃ/ ピャ | pya | pʲa | ||
| ぴゅ/ ピュ | pyu | pʲɯ | ||
| ぴょ/ ピョ | pyo | pʲo | ||
| ま/ マ | ma | ma | ||
| み/ ミ | mi | mʲi | ||
| む/ ム | mu | mɯ | ||
| め/ メ | me | me | ||
| も/ モ | mo | mo | ||
| みゃ/ ミャ | mya | mʲa | ||
| みゅ/ ミュ | myu | mʲɯ | ||
| みょ/ ミョ | myo | mʲo | ||
| や/ ヤ | ya | ja | ||
| ゆ/ ユ | yu | jɯ | ||
| よ/ ヨ | yo | jo | ||
| ら/ ラ | ra | la | (d)ɾa | |
| り/ リ | ri | li | (d)ɾʲi | |
| る/ ル | ru | lu | (d)ɾɯ | |
| れ/ レ | re | le | (d)ɾe | |
| ろ/ ロ | ro | lo | (d)ɾo | |
| りゃ/ リャ | rya | lya | (d)ɾʲa | |
| りゅ/ リュ | ryu | lyu | (d)ɾʲɯ | |
| りょ/ リョ | ryo | lyo | (d)ɾʲo | |
| わ/ ワ | wa | ɰa | ||
| を/ ヲ | wo | o | (ɰ)o | only used in the accusative particle |
| ん/ ン | n | m | ɴ~m~n~ŋ~iⁿ~ɯⁿ | only used syllable-finally |
| Obsolete/ rare letters | ||||
| ゐ/ ヰ | wi | i | i | |
| ゑ/ ヱ | we | e, he, ye | e | |
| ゟ conjoined yori | yori | jorʲi | ||
| Japanese spelling | Use | Latinization | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| hiragana/ katakana name | Wiki | ||
| ゛dakuten | voices consonant sound | varies, see above | also called dots (tenten) |
| ゜handakuten | changes consonant sound | varies, see above | also called circle (maru) |
| ー choo'onpu | lengthens vowel before | vowel doubled, or macron (¯) on vowel | |
| 々 kanji repeating mark | repeats kanji symbol before | none | |
| ゝ/ヽkana repeating mark | repeats kana letter before | none | |
| つ/ ツ sokuon | lengthens consonant after | (first written) consonant doubled | also called small tsu |
