Hebrew latinization guide: Difference between revisions
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== Summary == |
== Summary == |
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Non-alphabet spellings listed in ''italics.'' Marks are listed after letter spellings and use Bet by default or any consonant that can take the mark. |
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Stress is marked on with an acute accent (´) on the vowel. This isn't used on second-to-last syllables, syllables ending in vowels, words with one syllable, or with inflection suffixes. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |
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|+Unmarked spellings |
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|+Summary table |
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! rowspan="2" |Hebrew spelling <small>(name)</small> |
! rowspan="2" |Hebrew spelling <small>(name)</small> |
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! colspan="2" |Latinization |
! colspan="2" |Latinization |
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!other |
!other |
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!א <small>(Alef)</small> |
!<big>א</big> <small>(Alef)</small> |
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|''none'' |
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|' |
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|/ʔ/~''none'' |
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|gives vowel before grave accent (`) |
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|- |
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!<big>בּ</big> <small>(Bet)</small> |
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|b |
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|bb |
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|/b/ |
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|- |
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!<big>ב</big> <small>(Bet)</small> |
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|v |
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|b, bh, w |
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|/v/ |
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|- |
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!<big>גּ</big> <small>(Gimel)</small> |
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|g |
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|gh, gg |
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|/g/ |
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|- |
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!<big>ג</big> <small>(Gimel)</small> |
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|g |
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|gh |
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|/g/ |
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|- |
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! |
!''<big>ג׳</big> <small>(Gimel Geresh)</small>'' |
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|j |
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|ǧ |
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|/d͡ʒ/ |
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|mostly in loans |
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|- |
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!<big>ד</big> <small>(Dalet)</small> |
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|d |
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|dh, dd |
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|/d/ |
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|- |
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!<big>ה</big> <small>(He)</small> |
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|h, ''none'' (word-final) |
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|/h/~''none'', ''none'' |
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|when word-final, used for |
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|- |
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!<big>ו</big> <small>(Waw)</small> |
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|w |
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|v |
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|/v/ |
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|transcribes foreign /w/ |
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!''<big>יו</big> <small>(Yud Waw)</small>'' |
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|yw |
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|v, w, yv |
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|/v/ |
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!''<big>וּ</big> <small>(Shuruk)</small>'' |
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|u |
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|oo, ou |
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|u |
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!<big>ז</big> <small>(Zayin)</small> |
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|z |
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|z |
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!''<big>ז׳</big> <small>(Zayin Geresh)</small>'' |
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|ž/zh |
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|ʒ |
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|mostly in loans |
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|- |
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!<big>ח</big> <small>(Hhet)</small> |
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|ḥ/hh |
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|ch, kh, h, ḥ |
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|ħ~χ |
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!<big>ט</big> <small>(Tet)</small> |
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|ṭ/t |
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|t |
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!<big>י</big> <small>(Yud)</small> |
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|y |
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|j |
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!<big>כ -ך</big> <small>(Kaf)</small> |
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|k, kh |
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|/k/, /χ/ |
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!<big>ל</big> <small>(Lamed)</small> |
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|l |
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|/l/ |
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!<big>מם</big> <small>(Mem)</small> |
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|m |
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|/m/ |
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!<big>נן</big> <small>(Nun)</small> |
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|n |
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|/n/ |
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!<big>ס</big> <small>(Samekh)</small> |
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|s |
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|/s/ |
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!<big>ע</big> <small>(Xayin)</small> |
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|x |
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|', 3, gh, j |
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|/ʕ/~/ʔ/ |
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!<big>פּ -ףּ</big> <small>(Pe)</small> |
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|p |
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|/p/ |
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!<big>פ -ף</big> <small>(Pe)</small> |
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|f |
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|/f/ |
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!<big>צ -ץ</big> <small>(Tzadik)</small> |
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|ç/tz |
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|c, s, ṣ, ts, z/ ẓ |
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|/t͡s/ |
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!<big>צ׳ -ץ׳</big> <small>(Tzadik Geresh)</small> |
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|c |
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|č, ch, tš |
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|/t͡ʃ/ |
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|mostly in loans |
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|- |
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!<big>ק</big> <small>(Kuf)</small> |
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|ḳ/k |
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|q |
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|/k/ |
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|used for /k/ in loanwords |
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!<big>ר</big> <small>(Resh)</small> |
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|r |
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|/ʁ/, /r/ |
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|/r/ is possible but substandard |
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!<big>ש</big> <small>(Shin)</small> |
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|š/sh |
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|/ʃ/ |
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|Hebrew letter sometimes has a top-right dot |
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!<big>שׂ</big> <small>(Shin Nekuda)</small> |
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|ś/s |
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|ç |
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|/s/ |
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!<big>ת</big> <small>(Taw)</small> |
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|t |
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|tt |
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|/t/ |
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|used for /θ/ in loanwords |
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!<big>ת</big> <small>(Taw)</small> |
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|t |
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|th |
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|/t/ |
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The following letters/ marks are not guaranteed to appear in text but are often used in precise writing. None of them can be written alone. The alef (א) written here is used for example with marks that don't require any specific letter. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |
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|+Marked spellings |
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! rowspan="2" |Hebrew spelling <small>(name)</small> |
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! colspan="2" |Latinization |
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! rowspan="2" |Sound (IPA) |
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! rowspan="2" |Notes |
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|- |
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!wiki |
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!other |
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!<big>אְ</big> <small>(Shwa Nahh)</small> |
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|''none'' |
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|''none'' |
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|''none'' |
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!<big>אְ</big> <small>(Shwa Nax)</small> |
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|e |
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|ė, ë, ə |
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|/e/ |
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!<big>אַ</big> <small>(Patahh)</small> |
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|a |
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|/a/ |
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!<big>אֲ</big> <small>(Hhatáf Patahh)</small> |
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|a |
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|ǎ |
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|/a/ |
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!<big>אׇ</big> <small>(Kamatz Gadol)</small> |
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|a |
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|â |
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|/a/ |
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!<big>אׇ</big> <small>(Kamatz Katan)</small> |
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|o |
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|ǒ |
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|/o/ |
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|sometimes substandardly use /a/ |
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!<big>אֳ</big> <small>(Hhatáf Kamatz)</small> |
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|o |
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|a |
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|/o/ |
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|sometimes substandardly use /a/ |
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!<big>אֶ</big> <small>(Segól)</small> |
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|e |
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|/e/ |
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!<big>אֱ</big> <small>(Hhatáf Segól)</small> |
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|e |
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|ě |
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|/e/ |
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!<big>אֵ</big> <small>(Tzere)</small> |
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|e |
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|ē, ê |
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|/e/ |
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!<big>אִ</big> <small>(Hhirik)</small> |
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|i |
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|ǐ |
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|/i/ |
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!<big>אֹ</big> <small>(Hholám)</small> |
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|o |
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|ō, ô |
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|/o/ |
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!<big>אֻ</big> <small>(Kubutz)</small> |
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|u |
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|i, y |
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|/u/ |
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!<big>אּ</big> <small>(Dagesh)</small> |
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|''(´) on following vowel'' |
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|''(doubles consonant)'' |
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|''none'' |
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|marks stress in the following syllable |
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also changes sound of the letters < |
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!<big>בּ</big> <small>(Bet Dagesh)</small> |
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|b |
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| -bb- |
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|/b/ |
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!<big>גּ</big> <small>(Gimel Dagesh)</small> |
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|g |
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| -gg- |
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|/g/ |
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!<big>דּ</big> <small>(Dalet Dagesh)</small> |
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|d |
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| -dd- |
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|/d/ |
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!<big>הּ</big> <small>(He Mapík)</small> |
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|h |
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| -hh, ''none'' |
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|/h/~''none'' |
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!וּ <small>(Shuruk)</small> |
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|u |
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|oo, ou |
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|/u/ |
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!<big>כּ -ךּ</big> <small>(Kaf Dagesh)</small> |
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|k |
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| -cc-, -ck-, -kk- |
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|/k/ |
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!<big>פּ -ףּ</big> <small>(Pe Dagesh)</small> |
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|p |
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| -pp- |
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|/p/ |
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!<big>תּ</big> <small>(Taw Dagesh)</small> |
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|t |
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| -tt- |
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|/t/ |
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!<big>שׁ</big> <small>(Shin Nekuda)</small> |
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|š/sh |
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|/ʃ/ |
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!<big>שׂ</big> <small>(Sin Nekuda)</small> |
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|ś/s |
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|ç |
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|/s/ |
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